Exactly - you can't vaccinate against a respiratory virus and prevent infection w/o inducing an immune response at the site of infection (as you said likely primarily including T-cells!). This was/is a 100% known fact - something I think many of us non-virologists/vaccinologists came to understand over 1 1/2 years ago.
Anyway, not sure they will be sterilizing, but there are a few interesting intranasal/oral IgA (and T cell) inducing vaccines fairly far along in development.
Bharat BioTech (India) developed inCovacc which was licensed from Washington University (St Louis). It's an adenovirus, spike-based vaccine recently approved - as a primary series - in India, with another phase 3 completed as a booster. Not much of the phase 3 human trial data is publicly released yet, though in previous trials it was seemingly successful in preventing transmission in rhesus macaques. Bharat's US partner (Ocugen) for Covaxin (whole virion vaccine) has also licensed the vaccine from Wash U to commercialize it in the US (& EU/Japan).
Vaxart also has oral vaccines which are similarly adenovirus based (a spike-only and a spike/n-protein version) and Codagenix (and Serum Institute of India) is developing a live attenuated intranasal vaccine.
May all be too little too late, but it is interesting how these options were not pulled forward during 'Warp Speed' when they were clearly in development at the time - especially so when all we seemed to hear from big pharma was that they took no warp speed $ (so what did it go towards???).
Exactly - you can't vaccinate against a respiratory virus and prevent infection w/o inducing an immune response at the site of infection (as you said likely primarily including T-cells!). This was/is a 100% known fact - something I think many of us non-virologists/vaccinologists came to understand over 1 1/2 years ago.
Anyway, not sure they will be sterilizing, but there are a few interesting intranasal/oral IgA (and T cell) inducing vaccines fairly far along in development.
Bharat BioTech (India) developed inCovacc which was licensed from Washington University (St Louis). It's an adenovirus, spike-based vaccine recently approved - as a primary series - in India, with another phase 3 completed as a booster. Not much of the phase 3 human trial data is publicly released yet, though in previous trials it was seemingly successful in preventing transmission in rhesus macaques. Bharat's US partner (Ocugen) for Covaxin (whole virion vaccine) has also licensed the vaccine from Wash U to commercialize it in the US (& EU/Japan).
Vaxart also has oral vaccines which are similarly adenovirus based (a spike-only and a spike/n-protein version) and Codagenix (and Serum Institute of India) is developing a live attenuated intranasal vaccine.
May all be too little too late, but it is interesting how these options were not pulled forward during 'Warp Speed' when they were clearly in development at the time - especially so when all we seemed to hear from big pharma was that they took no warp speed $ (so what did it go towards???).