There’s a lot of disinformation about Solzhenitsyn floating around out there (KGB, anyone?). He’s imperfect, certainly, like everyone else, but few individuals in history have articulated more potent lessons regarding the hazards of totalitarianism than Solzhenitsyn. I’ve heard some claim he said there were 66 million in the gulags, but …
There’s a lot of disinformation about Solzhenitsyn floating around out there (KGB, anyone?). He’s imperfect, certainly, like everyone else, but few individuals in history have articulated more potent lessons regarding the hazards of totalitarianism than Solzhenitsyn. I’ve heard some claim he said there were 66 million in the gulags, but anyone who reads “The Gulag Archipelago” will encounter the following on p. iv of Volume 1:
“How many there actually were in the Archipelago one cannot know for certain. We can assume that at any one time there were not more than twelve million in the camps[1],” with the footnote reading, “According to the researches of the Social Democrats Nicolaevsky and Dallin, there were from fifteen to twenty million prisoners in the camps.”
I don’t have time to debunk all the Solzhenitsyn debunkers, but that is but one example easily disproven by the text itself.
Nice! As if it is about the number of millions instead of the actual issue of organized genocide anyway.
One story about Solzhenitsyn I found very moving was his description of being called for interrogation after he was a renowned author living comfortably in his house when he was fighting the system. He did not know, when they came to his house, if he would be coming back. His whole life could very well be forfeit. So, with only a moment to prepare to possibly go back to the gulag, he picks up a bar of soap in his bathroom, figuring that he will at least have the small luxury of a bar of soap for a few days after he is back in a camp. That really blew my mind, resolutely going from a millionaire to someone whose wealth is now a piece of soap in one minute’s time because you are standing for the truth.
I want to read his banned book, “Two Hundred Years Together” which I hear is about the Jews in Russia. It must be really good! Also, I want to see the movie “The Greatest Story Never Told.” I just love censorship! It shows you right where the juicy stuff is!
I started reading the introduction, and seeing errors like “Nobel Price winning” doesn’t give me the greatest confidence in the quality of the translation ;-) I don’t know much about Solzhenitsyn’s supposed anti-semitic beliefs and will neither defend nor accuse him without having an opportunity to delve into his writings on that topic, which honestly I have to back-burner because I’m harnessing all of my time, effort, and energy to focus on arresting the global democide and Great Totalitarian Reset ;-)
I fully acknowledge that people who have written works I respect and appreciate likely held beliefs I disagree with, especially given their historical context, and it is myopic to attempt to retroactively apply contemporary values to earlier times (especially wokified contortions). Being half-Jewish myself, I wouldn’t automatically dismiss everything else someone has written because they have posited anti-semitic stances. I try to examine their words in context and understand great thinkers are also human and susceptible to cultural influences, prejudices, and cognitive biases like everyone else.
I too would like to delve into his writings, but somebody is seeing fit to censor them to prevent that, aren’t they? I see a clue already! I see a parallel also…”anti-vaxxer”/“holocaust-denier”—-two boogeyman terms all well-conditioned people are studiously trying to avoid getting tagged with. Can’t discuss it. Too scary. Too loaded. What about the Holdomor. Few people know what is was. How many movies about it? How many movies about the holocaust? Why so many about one and you don’t hear boo about the other? Is this a clue?
And yes, Hollywood’s obsession with the Third Reich as a special sort of evil to the exclusion of all other genocidal regimes is oddly convenient for the Red side of the equation …
Regarding Holdomor, I just quoted Solzhenistyn’s chapter (“The Peasant Plague,” “The Gulag Archipelago,” Chapter 2 of vol. 3) on that in a recent comment somewhere:
“This chapter will deal with a small matter. Fifteen million souls. Fifteen million lives.…
“But about the silent, treacherous Plague which starved fifteen million of our peasants to death, choosing its victims carefully and destroying the backbone and mainstay of the Russian people—about that Plague there are no books. No bugles bid our hearts beat faster for them. Not even the traditional three stones mark the crossroads where they went in creaking carts to their doom. Our finest humanists, so sensitive to today’s injustices, in those years only nodded approvingly: Quite right, too! Just what they deserve!
“It was all kept so dark, every stain so carefully scratched out, every whisper so swiftly choked, that whereas I now have to refuse kind offers of material on the camps—‘No more, my friends, I have masses of such stories, I don’t know where to put them!’—nobody brings me a thing about the deported peasants. Who is the person that could tell us about them? Where is he? …
“The plan, however, remained in their heads, and all through the twenties they bullied and prodded and taunted: ‘Kulak! Kulak! Kulak!’ The thought that it was impossible to live in the same world as the kulak was gradually built up in the minds of townspeople.
“The devastating peasant Plague began, as far as we can judge, in 1929—the compilation of murder lists, the confiscations, the deportations. But only at the beginning of 1930 (after rehearsals were complete, and necessary adjustments made) was the public allowed to learn what was happening—in the decision of the Central Committee of the Party dated January 5. (The Party is ‘justified in shifting from a policy of restricting the exploiting tendencies of the kulaks to a policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class.’ And the admission of kulaks to the kolkhoz was immediately … prohibited. Would anyone like to attempt a coherent explanation?)
“The dutifully concurring Central Executive Committee of the Soviets and the Council of People’s Commissars were not far behind the Central Committee, and on February 1, 1930, they gave legislative form to the will of the Party. Provincial Executive Committees were required to ‘use all necessary methods in the struggle with the kulaks, up to and including [in reality no other method was used] complete confiscation of the property of kulaks and their removal to points beyond the boundaries of certain regions and provinces.’”
Debunking Solzhenitsyn debunkers while quoting Solzhenitsyn? (CIA anyone?) In USSR life was so bad that the only two times drop in population was recorded - during Civil War and Second World War. While during USSR population grew, after its collapse population is consistently declining. People tend to have less kids when life sucks, obviously it wasn't the case during USSR times, but for some reason in "free" Russia population is shrinking. Do you imply that commissars forced Soviet citizens to reproduce at the barrel of a gun?
Okay, Jared, I see you are having difficulty following logic, so I’ll try to make this simple for you. The Solzhenitsyn debunkers were claiming he said 66 million were in the gulags, so I simply quoted him directly to demonstrate he himself said “one cannot know for certain” and “there were not more than twelve million in the camps.”
You are using high population/reproduction rates as an indicator that a populace is not oppressed? Seriously? I take it you are an avid fan of the great and wondrously free republic of China, then?
You set up a straw man argument and then claim it is evidence for your faulty premise. Please.
Have you lived in Russia/the USSR yourself, or are you just fabricating conclusions based on KGB propaganda and your own ideological fantasies? Because I suggest you talk to someone whose family actually grew up under and suffered the tyrannical brutality behind the Iron Curtain—Tessa Fights Robots (https://tessa.substack.com/p/totalitarianism), for example.
I’m sorry I don’t have the time to engage with you on this further but hope you will open your mind and stop serving as an apologist for a regime responsible for massacring, imprisoning, torturing, and terrorizing millions of human beings for decades upon decades.
Yes, I grew up and lived in USSR and I know a lot of stories of real people. I haven't heard a single story of oppression in my family. And none have been members of the communist party. So I call bs on what Solzhenitsyn wrote. The only story where I've heard that person complained of oppression was a gang member who murdered people. He was a grandfather of one my friends. So don't lecture me about how it was in USSR.
Thanks for clarifying that you lived in the USSR. Just because you didn’t personally witness the oppression doesn’t mean it wasn’t happening, however—just like ordinary Germans didn’t believe the Jews were being gassed, or Covidians don’t believe thousands of people are dying and millions have been injured by the injections. The likelihood that you were immersed in Soviet propaganda painting an alternative reality for you to inhabit makes the parallels to what’s occurring now even stronger. Just like now, those who comply with autocracy can go about their lives thinking everything is peachy, whereas those who dissent suffer the brunt of the brutality in the shadowy corners of the regime, which everyday people don’t see, hear, or think about because it doesn’t affect them directly.
I’m way past my bedtime so am saying farewell for now but would be interested to see what others who grew up under the Soviet government and personally experienced the oppression would say in response to your statements.
Have you considered possibility that you have been immersed in anti Soviet propaganda? Entertain this thought. I was able to free myself from anti American propaganda, though I see where it is coming from. I am tired of people who judge how life was by the news, fake celebrities and academics who write books being afraid to step out of line or to get social approval. Yes, life in Soviet Union wasn't perfect, but is it in America? Soviet Union collapsed because people got too comfortable with their lives. Same thing, in my opinion, is happening in America nowadays. A lot of Americans don't know (or realize) hardships that previous generations went through and are now spitting on their graves. That's how it was in USSR before collapse. I don't know what will be USA's fate, but I share deeply it's values of freedom. They do not work exactly like they are advertised, but at least that's an ideal for which people can strive for and many countries should take example from them. I won't be silent though when people are spitting on the country I was born in. It wasn't perfect, but I see a lot of outrageous lies which aren't supported a) by my experience, b) by statistics, c) by historical documents.
I always consider the possibility that whatever information I examine is propaganda of one flavor or another :-) And yes, I am more than fully aware of American propaganda, which honestly is embarrassingly transparent and rather easy to spot, as is most all propaganda once you know the telltale markers.
I would say 98% of my understanding of Soviet life, history, tyranny, and crimes against humanity comes directly from Russian sources—dozens of books by dozens of different authors, direct testimonies from people who experienced or witnessed the suffering themselves, scientific evidence of mass graves, and government officials like ex-Soviet spies.
I would never spit on Russia as I have tremendous respect for the people of your country, and I am a zealous fan of Russian literature. It is the despotic, oppressive government of the Bolshevik Revolution and USSR I condemn, just as I condemn every other totalitarian regime around the world throughout history.
Without understanding Russian Civil War it's not possible to comprehend what was happening there. Russian Revolution happened because previous government became incapable of anything and there were multiple parties involved in letting it go. Multiple foreign armies entered Russian territories during this time on the sides opposing Bolsheviks. And not for their love for Russian people, quite the opposite. During Civil War many millions died and left a lot of scars in society. I believe numerous individual tragedies resulted from it, but it was no genocide. Civil War hasn't ended in 1922/23, it's not that Civil War ended and everyone was holding hands and singing happy songs. Excesses have been punished (responsible for purge of 1937/38 and his proteges didn't live long). But hey, it's just a substack comment, I can only give hints. If you are not too invested in the narrative may be you can open your mind to another explanation of these sufferings?
I understand Russian Civil War—I read “Dr. Zhivago” 😁 Just kidding, I know it’s far more complex than what’s presented as a backdrop to the personal drama of that novel, and while I have read numerous texts on the topic, I do realize my understanding of it remains at a surface level.
It makes perfect sense that foreign armies entered the bloodbath to take advantage of the power destabilization for their own aims, and the Civil War was undoubtedly a brutal experience that left open wounds for decades afterward.
I cannot, however, concede that Stalin was a benevolent figure who did not intentionally subject millions of his own citizens to starvation, torture, imprisonment, and massacre, and the concrete evidence, testimonies, and witnesses (both victims and perpetrators) to these atrocities support these claims—Solzhenitsyn’s works or not. The Soviet state fostered a totalitarian atmosphere of oppression, censorship, and punishment for anyone brave enough to counter the narrative, resulting in catastrophic situations like Chernobyl, born out of hubris and the unwillingness to admit weakness at a time when humility was desperately needed to rectify the world-threatening errors. (I am curious to hear what you think of the “Chernobyl” miniseries if you have seen or get a chance to see it. I know it’s dramatized and I typically don’t like partially fictionalized historical representations, but I thought it was exceptionally well-done and captured the climate of authoritarianism well.)
I am always open to additional explanations, and I hope you are, too :-) I feel what you’ve shared does not negate the evidence of tyrannical policies but rather complements and expands that historical reality.
Back to ”Dr. Zhivago,” you might appreciate “Lara” (by Anna Pasternak) and “The Zhivago Affair” (by Peter Finn and Petra Couvée) for fascinating details on the political backdrop behind the writing of that novel. They offer an inside look at the censorship, cultural pressures, and torment of political prisoners that went on in the gulags.
The reason Stalin gets so much blame is that when he died he was convenient figure to pin on all the crimes that have been happening. You can't defend your name if you're a dead. This narrative fitted every guilty party which had hands covered in blood, Khrushchev included. So this myth has its origins in Soviet Union itself.
As far as Chernobyl mini-series is concerned it's pure propaganda which has little roots in reality. It's shot beautifully though, but if you looking for historical accuracies there you won't find much, except that "Chernobyl happened and it was bad". It's lie upon lie upon lie upon lie ad nauseam.
Have you heard of operation Mockingbird? When you are told that vaccines are great and Biden is the most popular president - you don't believe it (and rightfully so). Still you believe them when they tell you what you like. You look for confirmation of your biases and you find them. It's much easier to fool people than to make them realize that they have been fooled.
I am surprised so many people take Chernobyl mini-series at face value given it's caricature like representation of people and events. Maybe we are sliding into "Idiocracy", given current state of affairs in the world it's not hard to believe that.
I had a feeling you would say that about “Chernobyl,” and that’s why I tried to clarify I know it is a fictionalized portrayal that isn’t historically accurate, but it is beautifully shot, written, and acted, as you noted :-)
That said, Chernobyl happened, and it *was* bad, and I think the oppressive climate contributed to the incompetencies; lack of transparency; inability to admit and thus correct mistakes; and the consequences thereof, which I do think the series captures.
I am fully aware of Project Mockingbird and the use of television, film, and other forms of media to deceive, indoctrinate, and persuade the public. That is one reason I can no longer watch almost *anything* these days (besides not having any time)—everything is drenched in such brazen propagandizing, I am astonished anyone succumbs to it.
I realize Stalin is by no means the only culprit in the Soviet regime—Khrushchev, Lenin, Gorbachev, and every other leader from the top and on down the line bear a share in the responsibility for the state’s totalitarian policies and crimes against humanity.
I am also aware of the role cognitive biases like confirmation bias play in our perceptions and beliefs, and I am constantly on the alert for their influence on my judgment of a work. I discuss such cognitive biases in my first essay, “A Primer for the Propagandized: Fear Is the Mind-Killer” (https://margaretannaalice.substack.com/p/a-primer-for-the-propagandized).
There’s a lot of disinformation about Solzhenitsyn floating around out there (KGB, anyone?). He’s imperfect, certainly, like everyone else, but few individuals in history have articulated more potent lessons regarding the hazards of totalitarianism than Solzhenitsyn. I’ve heard some claim he said there were 66 million in the gulags, but anyone who reads “The Gulag Archipelago” will encounter the following on p. iv of Volume 1:
“How many there actually were in the Archipelago one cannot know for certain. We can assume that at any one time there were not more than twelve million in the camps[1],” with the footnote reading, “According to the researches of the Social Democrats Nicolaevsky and Dallin, there were from fifteen to twenty million prisoners in the camps.”
I don’t have time to debunk all the Solzhenitsyn debunkers, but that is but one example easily disproven by the text itself.
Nice! As if it is about the number of millions instead of the actual issue of organized genocide anyway.
One story about Solzhenitsyn I found very moving was his description of being called for interrogation after he was a renowned author living comfortably in his house when he was fighting the system. He did not know, when they came to his house, if he would be coming back. His whole life could very well be forfeit. So, with only a moment to prepare to possibly go back to the gulag, he picks up a bar of soap in his bathroom, figuring that he will at least have the small luxury of a bar of soap for a few days after he is back in a camp. That really blew my mind, resolutely going from a millionaire to someone whose wealth is now a piece of soap in one minute’s time because you are standing for the truth.
I want to read his banned book, “Two Hundred Years Together” which I hear is about the Jews in Russia. It must be really good! Also, I want to see the movie “The Greatest Story Never Told.” I just love censorship! It shows you right where the juicy stuff is!
A self-admitted Holocaust denier recommended “200 Years Together” in the comments of my last post (https://margaretannaalice.substack.com/p/letter-to-an-agree-to-disagree-relative/). I didn’t know anything about the content but found it at archive.org: https://ia803108.us.archive.org/2/items/200YearsTogether/200%20Years%20Together.pdf
I started reading the introduction, and seeing errors like “Nobel Price winning” doesn’t give me the greatest confidence in the quality of the translation ;-) I don’t know much about Solzhenitsyn’s supposed anti-semitic beliefs and will neither defend nor accuse him without having an opportunity to delve into his writings on that topic, which honestly I have to back-burner because I’m harnessing all of my time, effort, and energy to focus on arresting the global democide and Great Totalitarian Reset ;-)
I fully acknowledge that people who have written works I respect and appreciate likely held beliefs I disagree with, especially given their historical context, and it is myopic to attempt to retroactively apply contemporary values to earlier times (especially wokified contortions). Being half-Jewish myself, I wouldn’t automatically dismiss everything else someone has written because they have posited anti-semitic stances. I try to examine their words in context and understand great thinkers are also human and susceptible to cultural influences, prejudices, and cognitive biases like everyone else.
I too would like to delve into his writings, but somebody is seeing fit to censor them to prevent that, aren’t they? I see a clue already! I see a parallel also…”anti-vaxxer”/“holocaust-denier”—-two boogeyman terms all well-conditioned people are studiously trying to avoid getting tagged with. Can’t discuss it. Too scary. Too loaded. What about the Holdomor. Few people know what is was. How many movies about it? How many movies about the holocaust? Why so many about one and you don’t hear boo about the other? Is this a clue?
Interestingly, I flipped the term around to mean the opposite of what you’re saying in my “Letter to a Holocaust Denier” (https://margaretannaalice.substack.com/p/letter-to-a-holocaust-denier) to really get under the pro-vaxxers’ skin (or should I say needle them ;-)
And yes, Hollywood’s obsession with the Third Reich as a special sort of evil to the exclusion of all other genocidal regimes is oddly convenient for the Red side of the equation …
Regarding Holdomor, I just quoted Solzhenistyn’s chapter (“The Peasant Plague,” “The Gulag Archipelago,” Chapter 2 of vol. 3) on that in a recent comment somewhere:
“This chapter will deal with a small matter. Fifteen million souls. Fifteen million lives.…
“But about the silent, treacherous Plague which starved fifteen million of our peasants to death, choosing its victims carefully and destroying the backbone and mainstay of the Russian people—about that Plague there are no books. No bugles bid our hearts beat faster for them. Not even the traditional three stones mark the crossroads where they went in creaking carts to their doom. Our finest humanists, so sensitive to today’s injustices, in those years only nodded approvingly: Quite right, too! Just what they deserve!
“It was all kept so dark, every stain so carefully scratched out, every whisper so swiftly choked, that whereas I now have to refuse kind offers of material on the camps—‘No more, my friends, I have masses of such stories, I don’t know where to put them!’—nobody brings me a thing about the deported peasants. Who is the person that could tell us about them? Where is he? …
“The plan, however, remained in their heads, and all through the twenties they bullied and prodded and taunted: ‘Kulak! Kulak! Kulak!’ The thought that it was impossible to live in the same world as the kulak was gradually built up in the minds of townspeople.
“The devastating peasant Plague began, as far as we can judge, in 1929—the compilation of murder lists, the confiscations, the deportations. But only at the beginning of 1930 (after rehearsals were complete, and necessary adjustments made) was the public allowed to learn what was happening—in the decision of the Central Committee of the Party dated January 5. (The Party is ‘justified in shifting from a policy of restricting the exploiting tendencies of the kulaks to a policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class.’ And the admission of kulaks to the kolkhoz was immediately … prohibited. Would anyone like to attempt a coherent explanation?)
“The dutifully concurring Central Executive Committee of the Soviets and the Council of People’s Commissars were not far behind the Central Committee, and on February 1, 1930, they gave legislative form to the will of the Party. Provincial Executive Committees were required to ‘use all necessary methods in the struggle with the kulaks, up to and including [in reality no other method was used] complete confiscation of the property of kulaks and their removal to points beyond the boundaries of certain regions and provinces.’”
Debunking Solzhenitsyn debunkers while quoting Solzhenitsyn? (CIA anyone?) In USSR life was so bad that the only two times drop in population was recorded - during Civil War and Second World War. While during USSR population grew, after its collapse population is consistently declining. People tend to have less kids when life sucks, obviously it wasn't the case during USSR times, but for some reason in "free" Russia population is shrinking. Do you imply that commissars forced Soviet citizens to reproduce at the barrel of a gun?
Okay, Jared, I see you are having difficulty following logic, so I’ll try to make this simple for you. The Solzhenitsyn debunkers were claiming he said 66 million were in the gulags, so I simply quoted him directly to demonstrate he himself said “one cannot know for certain” and “there were not more than twelve million in the camps.”
You are using high population/reproduction rates as an indicator that a populace is not oppressed? Seriously? I take it you are an avid fan of the great and wondrously free republic of China, then?
You set up a straw man argument and then claim it is evidence for your faulty premise. Please.
Have you lived in Russia/the USSR yourself, or are you just fabricating conclusions based on KGB propaganda and your own ideological fantasies? Because I suggest you talk to someone whose family actually grew up under and suffered the tyrannical brutality behind the Iron Curtain—Tessa Fights Robots (https://tessa.substack.com/p/totalitarianism), for example.
I’m sorry I don’t have the time to engage with you on this further but hope you will open your mind and stop serving as an apologist for a regime responsible for massacring, imprisoning, torturing, and terrorizing millions of human beings for decades upon decades.
Yes, I grew up and lived in USSR and I know a lot of stories of real people. I haven't heard a single story of oppression in my family. And none have been members of the communist party. So I call bs on what Solzhenitsyn wrote. The only story where I've heard that person complained of oppression was a gang member who murdered people. He was a grandfather of one my friends. So don't lecture me about how it was in USSR.
Thanks for clarifying that you lived in the USSR. Just because you didn’t personally witness the oppression doesn’t mean it wasn’t happening, however—just like ordinary Germans didn’t believe the Jews were being gassed, or Covidians don’t believe thousands of people are dying and millions have been injured by the injections. The likelihood that you were immersed in Soviet propaganda painting an alternative reality for you to inhabit makes the parallels to what’s occurring now even stronger. Just like now, those who comply with autocracy can go about their lives thinking everything is peachy, whereas those who dissent suffer the brunt of the brutality in the shadowy corners of the regime, which everyday people don’t see, hear, or think about because it doesn’t affect them directly.
I’m way past my bedtime so am saying farewell for now but would be interested to see what others who grew up under the Soviet government and personally experienced the oppression would say in response to your statements.
Have you considered possibility that you have been immersed in anti Soviet propaganda? Entertain this thought. I was able to free myself from anti American propaganda, though I see where it is coming from. I am tired of people who judge how life was by the news, fake celebrities and academics who write books being afraid to step out of line or to get social approval. Yes, life in Soviet Union wasn't perfect, but is it in America? Soviet Union collapsed because people got too comfortable with their lives. Same thing, in my opinion, is happening in America nowadays. A lot of Americans don't know (or realize) hardships that previous generations went through and are now spitting on their graves. That's how it was in USSR before collapse. I don't know what will be USA's fate, but I share deeply it's values of freedom. They do not work exactly like they are advertised, but at least that's an ideal for which people can strive for and many countries should take example from them. I won't be silent though when people are spitting on the country I was born in. It wasn't perfect, but I see a lot of outrageous lies which aren't supported a) by my experience, b) by statistics, c) by historical documents.
I always consider the possibility that whatever information I examine is propaganda of one flavor or another :-) And yes, I am more than fully aware of American propaganda, which honestly is embarrassingly transparent and rather easy to spot, as is most all propaganda once you know the telltale markers.
I applaud you for being able to free yourself from anti-American propaganda, especially considering how effective the KGB was at the art of disinformation (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQN4c3uN_tA and https://smile.amazon.com/Disinformation-audiobook/dp/B00IA9T0EA/).
I would say 98% of my understanding of Soviet life, history, tyranny, and crimes against humanity comes directly from Russian sources—dozens of books by dozens of different authors, direct testimonies from people who experienced or witnessed the suffering themselves, scientific evidence of mass graves, and government officials like ex-Soviet spies.
I would never spit on Russia as I have tremendous respect for the people of your country, and I am a zealous fan of Russian literature. It is the despotic, oppressive government of the Bolshevik Revolution and USSR I condemn, just as I condemn every other totalitarian regime around the world throughout history.
Without understanding Russian Civil War it's not possible to comprehend what was happening there. Russian Revolution happened because previous government became incapable of anything and there were multiple parties involved in letting it go. Multiple foreign armies entered Russian territories during this time on the sides opposing Bolsheviks. And not for their love for Russian people, quite the opposite. During Civil War many millions died and left a lot of scars in society. I believe numerous individual tragedies resulted from it, but it was no genocide. Civil War hasn't ended in 1922/23, it's not that Civil War ended and everyone was holding hands and singing happy songs. Excesses have been punished (responsible for purge of 1937/38 and his proteges didn't live long). But hey, it's just a substack comment, I can only give hints. If you are not too invested in the narrative may be you can open your mind to another explanation of these sufferings?
I understand Russian Civil War—I read “Dr. Zhivago” 😁 Just kidding, I know it’s far more complex than what’s presented as a backdrop to the personal drama of that novel, and while I have read numerous texts on the topic, I do realize my understanding of it remains at a surface level.
It makes perfect sense that foreign armies entered the bloodbath to take advantage of the power destabilization for their own aims, and the Civil War was undoubtedly a brutal experience that left open wounds for decades afterward.
I cannot, however, concede that Stalin was a benevolent figure who did not intentionally subject millions of his own citizens to starvation, torture, imprisonment, and massacre, and the concrete evidence, testimonies, and witnesses (both victims and perpetrators) to these atrocities support these claims—Solzhenitsyn’s works or not. The Soviet state fostered a totalitarian atmosphere of oppression, censorship, and punishment for anyone brave enough to counter the narrative, resulting in catastrophic situations like Chernobyl, born out of hubris and the unwillingness to admit weakness at a time when humility was desperately needed to rectify the world-threatening errors. (I am curious to hear what you think of the “Chernobyl” miniseries if you have seen or get a chance to see it. I know it’s dramatized and I typically don’t like partially fictionalized historical representations, but I thought it was exceptionally well-done and captured the climate of authoritarianism well.)
I am always open to additional explanations, and I hope you are, too :-) I feel what you’ve shared does not negate the evidence of tyrannical policies but rather complements and expands that historical reality.
If you haven’t already, I do encourage you to watch the interview with Yuri Bezmenov (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQN4c3uN_tA) I linked above.
Back to ”Dr. Zhivago,” you might appreciate “Lara” (by Anna Pasternak) and “The Zhivago Affair” (by Peter Finn and Petra Couvée) for fascinating details on the political backdrop behind the writing of that novel. They offer an inside look at the censorship, cultural pressures, and torment of political prisoners that went on in the gulags.
The reason Stalin gets so much blame is that when he died he was convenient figure to pin on all the crimes that have been happening. You can't defend your name if you're a dead. This narrative fitted every guilty party which had hands covered in blood, Khrushchev included. So this myth has its origins in Soviet Union itself.
As far as Chernobyl mini-series is concerned it's pure propaganda which has little roots in reality. It's shot beautifully though, but if you looking for historical accuracies there you won't find much, except that "Chernobyl happened and it was bad". It's lie upon lie upon lie upon lie ad nauseam.
Have you heard of operation Mockingbird? When you are told that vaccines are great and Biden is the most popular president - you don't believe it (and rightfully so). Still you believe them when they tell you what you like. You look for confirmation of your biases and you find them. It's much easier to fool people than to make them realize that they have been fooled.
I am surprised so many people take Chernobyl mini-series at face value given it's caricature like representation of people and events. Maybe we are sliding into "Idiocracy", given current state of affairs in the world it's not hard to believe that.
I had a feeling you would say that about “Chernobyl,” and that’s why I tried to clarify I know it is a fictionalized portrayal that isn’t historically accurate, but it is beautifully shot, written, and acted, as you noted :-)
That said, Chernobyl happened, and it *was* bad, and I think the oppressive climate contributed to the incompetencies; lack of transparency; inability to admit and thus correct mistakes; and the consequences thereof, which I do think the series captures.
I am fully aware of Project Mockingbird and the use of television, film, and other forms of media to deceive, indoctrinate, and persuade the public. That is one reason I can no longer watch almost *anything* these days (besides not having any time)—everything is drenched in such brazen propagandizing, I am astonished anyone succumbs to it.
I realize Stalin is by no means the only culprit in the Soviet regime—Khrushchev, Lenin, Gorbachev, and every other leader from the top and on down the line bear a share in the responsibility for the state’s totalitarian policies and crimes against humanity.
I am also aware of the role cognitive biases like confirmation bias play in our perceptions and beliefs, and I am constantly on the alert for their influence on my judgment of a work. I discuss such cognitive biases in my first essay, “A Primer for the Propagandized: Fear Is the Mind-Killer” (https://margaretannaalice.substack.com/p/a-primer-for-the-propagandized).